Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Stress-Related Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Case Report with a Positive Response to Alpha-Methyl-P-Tyrosine (AMPT) Treatment

doi: 10.3390/ijms25147778

Figure Lengend Snippet: Response to various treatments. Depicts the time course of symptom levels (stress, physical fatigue, and mental fatigue). Dotted arrows indicate changes in dosage. The green line represents the patient’s baseline level. PEM = post-exertional malaise. ( A ) Propranolol, ( B ) moxonidine, ( C ) methyldopa, ( D ) carvedilol, ( E ) carvedilol 2nd trial, and ( F ) baclofen.

Article Snippet: Pharmacological treatments reported by the patient included: atenolol (Aliud Pharma, Laichingen, Germany), alpha-methyldopa (Stada, Barcelona, Spain), carvedilol (1A Pharma, Bayern, Germany), moxonidine (Ratiopharm, Ulm, Germany), propranolol (Aliud Pharma, Laichingen, Germany), mirtazapine (1A Pharma Bayern, Germany), zopiclone (Ratiopharm Ulm, Germany), and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT) (Angene International Limited, London, UK).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Stress-Related Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Case Report with a Positive Response to Alpha-Methyl-P-Tyrosine (AMPT) Treatment

doi: 10.3390/ijms25147778

Figure Lengend Snippet: Molecular pathways affected and drug treatments. ( A ) Propranolol and carvedilol mechanism of action targeting β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors; ( B ) methyldopa, carvedilol, and moxonidine mechanism of action targeting α adrenergic receptors; ( C ) baclofen mechanism of action targeting GABA B receptors; and ( D ) AMPT or metyrosine inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase, affecting tyrosine metabolism and the related tryptophan pathway. Green (decrease) and red (increase) arrows represent patient´s data (created with Biorender.com, last accessed on 20 June 2024).

Article Snippet: Pharmacological treatments reported by the patient included: atenolol (Aliud Pharma, Laichingen, Germany), alpha-methyldopa (Stada, Barcelona, Spain), carvedilol (1A Pharma, Bayern, Germany), moxonidine (Ratiopharm, Ulm, Germany), propranolol (Aliud Pharma, Laichingen, Germany), mirtazapine (1A Pharma Bayern, Germany), zopiclone (Ratiopharm Ulm, Germany), and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT) (Angene International Limited, London, UK).

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: International Journal of Ophthalmology

Article Title: Quantitative analysis by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and retinal neuroprotection after topical administration of moxonidine

doi: 10.18240/ijo.2020.03.04

Figure Lengend Snippet: A: The retention time of the peak in aqueous humor is measured at 12.023min. The peaks are well isolated and not overlapped. There is no interference with impurity peak. a: Standard moxonidine curve; b: An extract of blank aqueous humor; c: An extract of aqueous humor with moxonidine. B: The similar retention time in ciliary body. a: Standard moxonidine curve; b: An extract of blank iris-ciliary body; c: An extract of iris-ciliary body with moxonidine.

Article Snippet: Thirty-three rabbits were administered in their eyes topically and ipsilaterally with 0.2% moxonidine (Yabao Parmaceutical, Shanxi, China) of 50 μL by a micropipette tip, and euthanized by CO 2 inhalation at 11 time points, namely 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 240, 360 and 480min after moxonidine administration, respectively, 3 rabbits at each time point.

Techniques: Isolation

Journal: International Journal of Ophthalmology

Article Title: Quantitative analysis by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and retinal neuroprotection after topical administration of moxonidine

doi: 10.18240/ijo.2020.03.04

Figure Lengend Snippet: Recovery rate of moxonidine

Article Snippet: Thirty-three rabbits were administered in their eyes topically and ipsilaterally with 0.2% moxonidine (Yabao Parmaceutical, Shanxi, China) of 50 μL by a micropipette tip, and euthanized by CO 2 inhalation at 11 time points, namely 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 240, 360 and 480min after moxonidine administration, respectively, 3 rabbits at each time point.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Ophthalmology

Article Title: Quantitative analysis by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and retinal neuroprotection after topical administration of moxonidine

doi: 10.18240/ijo.2020.03.04

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pharmacokinetics parameters of moxonidine after topical administration of 0.2% eyedrop in rabbits

Article Snippet: Thirty-three rabbits were administered in their eyes topically and ipsilaterally with 0.2% moxonidine (Yabao Parmaceutical, Shanxi, China) of 50 μL by a micropipette tip, and euthanized by CO 2 inhalation at 11 time points, namely 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 240, 360 and 480min after moxonidine administration, respectively, 3 rabbits at each time point.

Techniques: Drug discovery

Journal: International Journal of Ophthalmology

Article Title: Quantitative analysis by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and retinal neuroprotection after topical administration of moxonidine

doi: 10.18240/ijo.2020.03.04

Figure Lengend Snippet: A-E: The retinal changes at baseline, day 1, 3, 7 and 15 in moxonidine group, respectively; F-J: The structures at the counterpart time-point in control eyes. The retinal thickness, including outer nuclear layer (ONL), inner nuclear layer (INL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), was slightly thinned in the moxonidine-treating eyes, while much thinned in control eyes. Magnification: 400×.

Article Snippet: Thirty-three rabbits were administered in their eyes topically and ipsilaterally with 0.2% moxonidine (Yabao Parmaceutical, Shanxi, China) of 50 μL by a micropipette tip, and euthanized by CO 2 inhalation at 11 time points, namely 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 240, 360 and 480min after moxonidine administration, respectively, 3 rabbits at each time point.

Techniques: Control

Journal: International Journal of Ophthalmology

Article Title: Quantitative analysis by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and retinal neuroprotection after topical administration of moxonidine

doi: 10.18240/ijo.2020.03.04

Figure Lengend Snippet: The cell ultrastructure was treated with moxonidine (A) and palcebo (D) at baseline, and with moxonidine (B and C) and placebo (E and F) at day 7 in the eyes of high IOP model. Scale bar: 0.5 µm (A, C and F) and 2 µm (B, D and E).

Article Snippet: Thirty-three rabbits were administered in their eyes topically and ipsilaterally with 0.2% moxonidine (Yabao Parmaceutical, Shanxi, China) of 50 μL by a micropipette tip, and euthanized by CO 2 inhalation at 11 time points, namely 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 240, 360 and 480min after moxonidine administration, respectively, 3 rabbits at each time point.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Ophthalmology

Article Title: Quantitative analysis by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and retinal neuroprotection after topical administration of moxonidine

doi: 10.18240/ijo.2020.03.04

Figure Lengend Snippet: A: In comparison to control, there are significant increase of RGCs in moxonidine-induced eyes; B: There was difference of IRL between moxonidine-induced and control eyes. On day 1, IRLs in control eyes, because of slightly more obvious edema, were higher than those in the moxonidine-induced eyes. Whereas, IRLs in moxonidine-induced eyes were significantly higher than those in control eyes on day 3, 7 and 15. aP<0.05; bP<0.01.

Article Snippet: Thirty-three rabbits were administered in their eyes topically and ipsilaterally with 0.2% moxonidine (Yabao Parmaceutical, Shanxi, China) of 50 μL by a micropipette tip, and euthanized by CO 2 inhalation at 11 time points, namely 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 240, 360 and 480min after moxonidine administration, respectively, 3 rabbits at each time point.

Techniques: Comparison, Control